The Graduate School requires a Bibliography which includes all the literature cited for the complete thesis or dissertation. Quoting from the Graduate School's Definitions/Physical Specifications for a Thesis/Disseration:
“Every thesis must contain a bibliography which lists all the sources used or consulted in writing the entire thesis and is placed at the very end of the work. The complete citations are arranged alphabetically by last name of the author. Individual citations are not numbered. No abbreviations in titles of published works will be accepted. The full title of a book, journal, website, proceedings, or any other published work must be italicized or underlined. Citations must follow standards set by the Style Manual that the candidate is using. The bibliography for URI theses is not broken into categories.”
The List of References is not required by the Graduate School, but is the style commonly used in Engineering, Mathematics, and many of the Sciences. It consists of a numbered list of the sources used or consulted in writing the thesis in the order that they are referenced in the text. There can be either one List of References for the entire thesis, or a List of References at the end of each chapter.
Both the Bibliography and the List of References will be generated
by the urithesis LATEX class.
All you need to do is add information about your sources to
the references.bib
file, which is a database containing
all of the necessary information about the references, then cite the
reference in your thesis using the \cite{}
command.
When we want to refer to a source in the thesis, we place an entry
for that source in the file references.bib, then cite the
source in the thesis with the \cite{LABEL}
command. The syntax
for an entry in the references.bib file is of
the form:
@ENTRYTYPE{ LABEL, FIELDNAME1 = "some data", FIELDNAME2 = "some data", FIELDNAME3 = "some data", }
ENTRYTYPE is the type of bibliographic entry such as Book, Article, or TechReport, that this entry describes. At the end of this page is a list of all possible entry types.
LABEL is a unique string that is used to refer to this
entry in the body of the thesis when using the \cite{LABEL}
command.
The FIELDNAMEn entries are the fields that describe this entry, (ie. author, title, pages, year, etc.). Each entry type has certain required fields and optional fields. See the list of all entry types for a description of the available fields.
As an example, suppose we have a paper from a conference proceedings that we want to cite. First we make an entry in the our references.bib file of the form:
@InProceedings{ re:toolan:as03, author = "Timothy M. Toolan and Donald W. Tufts", title = "Detection and estimation in non-stationary environments", booktitle = "Proceedings {IEEE} Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems \& Computers", pages = "797-801", month = nov, year = "2003", }
We then cite this source in the text of our thesis with the command \cite{re:toolan:as03}. This will generate a Bibliography entry that looks something like:
and a List of References entry that looks something like:
[1] | T. M. Toolan and D. W. Tufts, “Detection and estimation in non-stationary environments,“ in Proceedings IEEE Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers, Nov. 2003, pp. 797-801. |
The bibliography and list of references are generated by BIBTEX, but you never run bibtex directly. When you run LATEX , it will create the file genbib.bat, which will contain the appropriate BIBTEX commands. This is a script file which works on both UNIX and Windows. To run it on a Windows system, just type genbib.bat in a run window or at a command prompt. To run it on a UNIX or Linux system, type the command "sh genbib.bat" at the command prompt.
When you run this command, it creates files with .bbl extensions which are LATEX code for the bibliography and references. These files are only updated when you run genbib.bat, therefore whenever you add a citation, or edit your references.bib file, you need to run genbib.bat to update your bibliography and references.
The Graduate School requires that the bibliography is always at the end of the thesis and sorted alphabetically by author, therefore there is no options that affect it. The list of references is optional, therefore there are a few different ways that it can created.
By default a separate list of references appears at the end of each chapter, and are sorted by the order that they are cited in that chapter. The option oneref (see options) will create a single list of references for the whole thesis, which due to the requirements of the Graduate School, will appear after the last chapter and before any appendices.
The option aparefs will cite references using the APA style, which is the last name of the author and year of publication, such as (Toolan, 2006), instead of the default IEEE style, which is a number, such as [1]. This option will also sort the references alphabetically by author, instead of in order of citation. The options oneref and aparefs can be used together to create a single list of references using the APA style.
The following is a list of all the entry types that can be used. Click on the desired type to see a detailed description of how to use that type.
Required fields: | author, title, journal, year |
Optional fields: | volume, number, pages, month, note, url |
month = sep # "/" # oct,Example .bib using this type:
@Article{ re:bunch:rankone, author = "James R. Bunch and Christopher P. Nielsen and Danny C. Sorensen", title = "Rank-One Modification of the Symmetric Eigenproblem", journal = "Numerische Mathematik", volume = "31", pages = "31-48", year = "1978", }
Required fields: | author and/or editor, title, publisher, year |
Optional fields: | volume, series, address, edition, month, note, key, pages |
@Book{ turabian87, author = "K. L. Turabian", title = "A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th. edn.", address = "Chicago, Illinois, United States of America", publisher = "University of Chicago Press", year = "1987", }
Required fields: | author and/or editor, title, publisher, year |
Optional fields: | edition, series, address, month, volume, number, chapter, type, pages, note, url |
type = "sec.",
Required fields: | author, title, booktitle, year |
Optional fields: | edition, series, editor, address, publisher, month, volume, number, chapter, type, pages, note, url |
Required fields: | title |
Optional fields: | author, howpublished, organization, address, month, year, note, url |
Required fields: | title |
Optional fields: | author, edition, howpublished, organization, address, month, year, note, url |
Required fields: | author, title, booktitle, year |
Optional fields: | intype, series, editor, volume, number, organization, address, publisher, month, paper, type, pages, note, url |
@InProceedings{ re:toolan:as03, author = "Timothy M. Toolan and Donald W. Tufts", title = "Detection and estimation in non-stationary environments", booktitle = "Proceedings {IEEE} Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems \& Computers", pages = "797-801", month = nov, year = "2003", }
Required fields: | title, year |
Optional fields: | editor, series, volume, number, organization, address, publisher, month, note, url |
Required fields: | author, title, school, year |
Optional fields: | type, address, month, note, url |
type = "M. Eng. thesis",
Required fields: | author, title, school, year |
Optional fields: | type, address, month, note, url |
@Phdthesis{ re:toolan:phd, author = "Timothy M. Toolan", title = "Advances in Sliding Window Subspace Tracking", school = "University of Rhode Island", year = "2005", }
Required fields: | author, title, institution, year |
Optional fields: | howpublished, address, number, type, month, note, url |
@TechReport{ re:gu:stablefast, author = "Ming Gu and Stanley C. Eisenstat", title = "A Stable and Fast Algorithm for Updating the Singular Value Decomposition", address = "New Haven, CT", number = "YALEU/DCS/RR-966", institution = "Dept. of Computer Science, Yale University", month = jun, year = "1993", }
Required fields: | author, title, note |
Optional fields: | month, year, url |
Required fields: | none |
Optional fields: | author, month, year, title, howpublished, organization, address, note, url |
@Electronic{ re:thesisguide, organization = "University of Rhode Island", author = "Timothy M. Toolan", title = "A Guide to Producing Your Thesis with LaTeX", url = "http://www.ele.uri.edu/info/thesis/guide", month = jun, year = "2008", key = "University of Rhode Island", }
Required fields: | nationality, number, year or yearfiled |
Optional fields: | author, title, assignee, address, type, day, dayfiled, month, monthfiled, note, url |
nationality = "United States",The nationality should be capitalized. The assignee and address (of the assignee) fields are not used, however, they are provided. The type field provides a way to override the “patent” description with other patent related descriptions such as “patent application” or “patent request”:
type = "Patent Request",
Required fields: | title, year |
Optional fields: | editor, series, volume, number, organization, month, note, url |
Required fields: | title, organization or institution |
Optional fields: | author, howpublished, type, number, revision, address, month, year, note, url |
Required fields: | none |
Optional fields: | author, title, howpublished, organization, address, pages, month, year, note, url |
Because we are effectively creating multiple bibliographies, (one
for the actual bibliography, and one for each list of references), the
two
LATEX
commands \bibliographystyle{}
and \bibliography{}
are not used. They have been
redefined to do nothing, and the equivalent of these commands are done
automatically when necessary.
When there is a reference that should be included in the
bibliography, but does not need to be explicitly referenced in the
thesis, use the
\nocite{}
command. This command works like
the \cite{}
command, except it does not put the citation
in the list of references, only in the bibliography.
The \nocite{}
command must appear after the
first \newchapter{}
command, or it will be ignored.
When using the option aparefs, and a citation does not have an author, (such as often occurs with a web page), the key field can be used to specify what to use in the citation instead of the author's name.
The bibliography format used by the urithesis class is based on the IEEE format. See the article “How to Use the IEEEtran BIBTEX Style” by Michael Shell for more details.