Transmission Lines
Consider a forward traveling voltage wave,
The phasor representation for this wave is
Consider a voltage wave traveling in the negative z direction,
The phasor representation for this wave is
Gamma is the ratio of the reverse wave to the forward traveling wave.
The reflection coefficient is the ratio of the reverse traveling
wave to the forward traveling wave at the load, z = 0.
Due to constructive and distructive interference between the
forward and reverse traveling waves, the amplitude of the voltage
on the line varies with distance aling the line, z.
The standing wave ratio is the ratio of the maximum voltage on the line
to the minimum voltage on the line.
The forward traveling voltage wave is related to the forward
traveling current wave by the characteristic impedance, Zo.
The reverse traveling voltage wave is related to the reverse
traveling current wave by the characteristic impedance, Zo.
The characteristic impedance, Zo, is a function of the line
inductance per unit length, L, and the line capacitance per unit length, C.
The velocity of propagation is
where 
is the wavelength.